Java实现复数运算：详解与实例 |21xrx.com

Java实现复数运算：详解与实例

2023-06-16 12:47:13 深夜i -- --

Java 复数 BigDecimal apache

复数是数学中的一个概念，表示为a+bi的形式，其中a和b均为实数，i为虚数单位。在计算机编程中，实现复数的运算可以使用Java编程语言完成。本文将为您详细讲解Java实现复数运算的方法和实例，希望对您有所帮助。

Java实现复数运算的方法

Java实现复数运算可以使用复数的类来完成。在Java中，可以使用Java的内置类BigDecimal和BigInteger，或Java的第三方库apache.commons.math3.complex.Complex来实现复数类。

使用BigDecimal和BigInteger实现复数类：

复数类可以包含两个数字，一个表示实部（realpart），另一个表示虚部（imagpart）。使用BigDecimal和BigInteger可以减小精度误差。下面是使用BigDecimal和BigInteger实现的复数类：


import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
class Complex {
  private BigDecimal realpart;
  private BigDecimal imagpart;
  public Complex(BigDecimal realpart, BigDecimal imagpart)
    this.realpart = realpart;
    this.imagpart = imagpart;
  
  public BigDecimal getRealpart()
    return realpart;
  
  public BigDecimal getImagpart()
    return imagpart;
  
  public Complex add(Complex c1) {
    BigDecimal realpart = this.realpart.add(c1.realpart);
    BigDecimal imagpart = this.imagpart.add(c1.imagpart);
    return new Complex(realpart, imagpart);
  }
  public Complex subtract(Complex c1) {
    BigDecimal realpart = this.realpart.subtract(c1.realpart);
    BigDecimal imagpart = this.imagpart.subtract(c1.imagpart);
    return new Complex(realpart, imagpart);
  }
  public Complex multiply(Complex c1) {
    BigDecimal realpart = this.realpart.multiply(c1.realpart)
        .subtract(this.imagpart.multiply(c1.imagpart));
    BigDecimal imagpart = this.realpart.multiply(c1.imagpart)
        .add(this.imagpart.multiply(c1.realpart));
    return new Complex(realpart, imagpart);
  }
  public Complex divide(Complex c1) {
    BigDecimal divisor = c1.realpart.multiply(c1.realpart)
        .add(c1.imagpart.multiply(c1.imagpart));
    BigDecimal realpart = this.realpart.multiply(c1.realpart)
        .add(this.imagpart.multiply(c1.imagpart))
        .divide(divisor, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
    BigDecimal imagpart = this.imagpart.multiply(c1.realpart.negate())
        .add(this.realpart.multiply(c1.imagpart))
        .divide(divisor, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);
    return new Complex(realpart, imagpart);
  }
  public String toString() {
    return "(" + this.realpart + ", " + this.imagpart + ")";
  }
}

使用apache.commons.math3.complex.Complex实现复数类：

apache.commons.math3.complex.Complex是一个第三方库，可以轻松实现复数类。下面是使用apache.commons.math3.complex.Complex实现的代码：


import org.apache.commons.math3.complex.Complex;
class Complex {
  private Complex complex;
  public Complex(double realpart, double imagpart) {
    complex = new Complex(realpart, imagpart);
  }
  public double getRealpart() {
    return complex.getReal();
  }
  public double getImagpart() {
    return complex.getImaginary();
  }
  public Complex add(Complex c1) {
    return this.complex.add(c1.complex);
  }
  public Complex subtract(Complex c1) {
    return this.complex.subtract(c1.complex);
  }
  public Complex multiply(Complex c1) {
    return this.complex.multiply(c1.complex);
  }
  public Complex divide(Complex c1) {
    return this.complex.divide(c1.complex);
  }
  public String toString() {
    return complex.toString();
  }
}

Java实现复数运算的实例

下面是一个实现复数运算的示例程序，包括Java实现复数类的两种方法以及加、减、乘、除四种运算：


public class TestComplex {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // 使用BigDecimal和BigInteger实现复数类
    Complex c1 = new Complex(new BigDecimal("2.0"), new BigDecimal("3.0"));
    Complex c2 = new Complex(new BigDecimal("4.0"), new BigDecimal("5.0"));
    Complex cadd = c1.add(c2);
    Complex csub = c1.subtract(c2);
    Complex cmul = c1.multiply(c2);
    Complex cdiv = c1.divide(c2);
    System.out.println("c1 + c2 = " + cadd);
    System.out.println("c1 - c2 = " + csub);
    System.out.println("c1 * c2 = " + cmul);
    System.out.println("c1 / c2 = " + cdiv);
    // 使用apache.commons.math3.complex.Complex实现复数类
    Complex c3 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0);
    Complex c4 = new Complex(4.0, 5.0);
    Complex cadd2 = c3.add(c4);
    Complex csub2 = c3.subtract(c4);
    Complex cmul2 = c3.multiply(c4);
    Complex cdiv2 = c3.divide(c4);
    System.out.println("c3 + c4 = " + cadd2);
    System.out.println("c3 - c4 = " + csub2);
    System.out.println("c3 * c4 = " + cmul2);
    System.out.println("c3 / c4 = " + cdiv2);
  }
}

.commons.math3.complex.Complex、运算

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