Java设计模式是软件开发中非常重要的一部分，掌握设计模式有助于提高软件开发效率和质量。但是掌握设计模式需要理解其实际运用场景和答案，接下来将分享一些实际案例和答案。

单例模式案例：

public class Singleton {
  private static Singleton instance = null;
  private Singleton() {}
  public static Singleton getInstance() {
    if (instance == null) {
      instance = new Singleton();
    }
    return instance;
  }
}

工厂模式案例：

public interface Animal {
  void eat();
}
public class Dog implements Animal {
  @Override
  public void eat() {
    System.out.println("Dog is eating.");
  }
}
public class Cat implements Animal {
  @Override
  public void eat() {
    System.out.println("Cat is eating.");
  }
}
public class AnimalFactory {
  public Animal createAnimal(String animalType) {
    if (animalType.equals("Dog")) {
      return new Dog();
    } else if (animalType.equals("Cat")) {
      return new Cat();
    } else {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid animal type.");
    }
  }
}

策略模式案例：

public interface Discount {
  double apply(double price);
}
public class TwentyPercentOff implements Discount {
  @Override
  public double apply(double price) {
    return price * (1 - 0.2);
  }
}
public class TenPercentOff implements Discount {
  @Override
  public double apply(double price) {
    return price * (1 - 0.1);
  }
}
public class Context {
  private Discount discount;
  public Context(Discount discount)
    this.discount = discount;
  
  public double executeDiscount(double price) {
    return discount.apply(price);
  }
}

以上案例仅作为Java设计模式学习的基础内容，更多实际的运用场景和答案需要由具体情况决定。

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