Java编程语言已经成为计算机科学教育中不可或缺的一部分，因为它在编写高性能、可靠和安全的应用程序方面得到了广泛的应用。为了帮助学生更好地掌握Java编程语言，教师总是会布置设计Java程序的题目。在这篇文章中，我们将介绍几个Java课程设计题目，并提供相应的代码。

1. 简单的计算器

这个题目要求学生使用Java编写一个简单的计算器，可以执行加、减、乘、除等基本算术运算。在实现这个计算器时，学生需要使用Java GUI（图形用户界面）库来创建用户界面。下面是一个基本的Java计算器代码：

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class Calculator extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
  private JTextField displayField;
  private JButton zeroButton, oneButton, twoButton, threeButton, fourButton, fiveButton, sixButton, sevenButton, eightButton, nineButton;
  private JButton addButton, subtractButton, multiplyButton, divideButton, equalsButton, decimalButton, clearButton;
  private double firstNum = 0;
  private double secondNum = 0;
  private String operator = "";
  private boolean isFirstNum = true;
  private boolean isSecondNum = false;
  private boolean isDecimalPoint = false;
  public Calculator() {
    super("Calculator");
    Container contentPane = getContentPane();
    contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    displayField = new JTextField("0", 30);
    contentPane.add(displayField, BorderLayout.NORTH);
    JPanel centerPanel = new JPanel();
    centerPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4));
    // Create number buttons
    zeroButton = new JButton("0");
    zeroButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(zeroButton);
    oneButton = new JButton("1");
    oneButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(oneButton);
    twoButton = new JButton("2");
    twoButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(twoButton);
    threeButton = new JButton("3");
    threeButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(threeButton);
    fourButton = new JButton("4");
    fourButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(fourButton);
    fiveButton = new JButton("5");
    fiveButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(fiveButton);
    sixButton = new JButton("6");
    sixButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(sixButton);
    sevenButton = new JButton("7");
    sevenButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(sevenButton);
    eightButton = new JButton("8");
    eightButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(eightButton);
    nineButton = new JButton("9");
    nineButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(nineButton);
    // Create operator buttons
    addButton = new JButton("+");
    addButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(addButton);
    subtractButton = new JButton("-");
    subtractButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(subtractButton);
    multiplyButton = new JButton("*");
    multiplyButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(multiplyButton);
    divideButton = new JButton("/");
    divideButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(divideButton);
    equalsButton = new JButton("=");
    equalsButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(equalsButton);
    decimalButton = new JButton(".");
    decimalButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(decimalButton);
    clearButton = new JButton("C");
    clearButton.addActionListener(this);
    centerPanel.add(clearButton);
    contentPane.add(centerPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
    calculator.setSize(300, 250);
    calculator.setVisible(true);
  }
  // Event handler method for button clicks
  public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    if (e.getSource() == zeroButton) {
      if (isDecimalPoint) {
        displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + "0");
      } else {
        processNumberInput("0");
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == oneButton) {
      if (isDecimalPoint) {
        displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + "1");
      } else {
        processNumberInput("1");
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == twoButton) {
      if (isDecimalPoint) {
        displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + "2");
      } else {
        processNumberInput("2");
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == threeButton) {
      if (isDecimalPoint) {
        displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + "3");
      } else {
        processNumberInput("3");
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == fourButton) {
      if (isDecimalPoint) {
        displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + "4");
      } else {
        processNumberInput("4");
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == fiveButton) {
      if (isDecimalPoint) {
        displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + "5");
      } else {
        processNumberInput("5");
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == sixButton) {
      if (isDecimalPoint) {
        displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + "6");
      } else {
        processNumberInput("6");
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == sevenButton) {
      if (isDecimalPoint) {
        displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + "7");
      } else {
        processNumberInput("7");
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == eightButton) {
      if (isDecimalPoint) {
        displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + "8");
      } else {
        processNumberInput("8");
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == nineButton) {
      if (isDecimalPoint) {
        displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + "9");
      } else {
        processNumberInput("9");
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == decimalButton) {
      isDecimalPoint = true;
      displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + ".");
    } else if (e.getSource() == clearButton) {
      displayField.setText("0");
      firstNum = 0;
      secondNum = 0;
      operator = "";
      isFirstNum = true;
      isSecondNum = false;
      isDecimalPoint = false;
    } else if (e.getSource() == addButton) {
      isFirstNum = false;
      isSecondNum = true;
      operator = "+";
      firstNum = Double.parseDouble(displayField.getText());
    } else if (e.getSource() == subtractButton) {
      isFirstNum = false;
      isSecondNum = true;
      operator = "-";
      firstNum = Double.parseDouble(displayField.getText());
    } else if (e.getSource() == multiplyButton) {
      isFirstNum = false;
      isSecondNum = true;
      operator = "*";
      firstNum = Double.parseDouble(displayField.getText());
    } else if (e.getSource() == divideButton) {
      isFirstNum = false;
      isSecondNum = true;
      operator = "/";
      firstNum = Double.parseDouble(displayField.getText());
    } else if (e.getSource() == equalsButton) {
      if (isSecondNum) {
        secondNum = Double.parseDouble(displayField.getText());
      } else
        secondNum = firstNum;
      
      switch (operator) {
        case "+":
          firstNum = firstNum + secondNum;
          break;
        case "-":
          firstNum = firstNum - secondNum;
          break;
        case "*":
          firstNum = firstNum * secondNum;
          break;
        case "/":
          if (secondNum != 0)
            firstNum = firstNum / secondNum;
           else {
            displayField.setText("Error: Division by zero");
          }
          break;
      }
      if (operator.equals("/") && secondNum == 0) {
        displayField.setText("Error: Division by zero");
        firstNum = 0;
      } else {
        String result = String.format("%.2f", firstNum);
        displayField.setText(result);
      }
      isFirstNum = true;
      isSecondNum = false;
      isDecimalPoint = false;
    }
  }
  // Helper method to process number input from user
  private void processNumberInput(String key) {
    if (isFirstNum) {
      displayField.setText(key);
    } else if (isSecondNum) {
      displayField.setText(key);
      isSecondNum = false;
    } else {
      displayField.setText(displayField.getText() + key);
    }
  }
}

这段代码使用Java Swing库创建了一个简单的计算器界面，可以执行四种基本算术运算，以及清除操作。在计算过程中，程序会在界面上显示数字和运算符，并在计算完成后输出结果。

2. 学生管理系统

这个题目要求学生使用Java编写一个学生管理系统，可以添加、删除和修改学生的信息，包括姓名、学号、成绩等。为了实现这个学生管理系统，学生需要使用Java GUI和数据库编程技术。下面是一个基本的Java学生管理系统的代码：

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.sql.*;
public class StudentManagementSystem extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
  private JTextField nameField, idField, scoreField;
  private JButton addButton, deleteButton, updateButton, searchButton, clearButton;
  private JTable table;
  private DefaultTableModel model;
  private Connection conn;
  private Statement stmt;
  public StudentManagementSystem() {
    super("Student Management System");
    Container contentPane = getContentPane();
    contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    JPanel topPanel = new JPanel();
    topPanel.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10));
    topPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 3, 10, 10));
    JLabel nameLabel = new JLabel("Name:");
    nameField = new JTextField();
    topPanel.add(nameLabel);
    topPanel.add(nameField);
    JLabel idLabel = new JLabel("ID:");
    idField = new JTextField();
    topPanel.add(idLabel);
    topPanel.add(idField);
    JLabel scoreLabel = new JLabel("Score:");
    scoreField = new JTextField();
    topPanel.add(scoreLabel);
    topPanel.add(scoreField);
    contentPane.add(topPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
    JPanel centerPanel = new JPanel();
    centerPanel.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10));
    centerPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    model = new DefaultTableModel();
    model.addColumn("ID");
    model.addColumn("Name");
    model.addColumn("Score");
    table = new JTable(model);
    JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);
    centerPanel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    contentPane.add(centerPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    JPanel bottomPanel = new JPanel();
    bottomPanel.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10));
    bottomPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 5, 10, 10));
    addButton = new JButton("Add");
    addButton.addActionListener(this);
    bottomPanel.add(addButton);
    deleteButton = new JButton("Delete");
    deleteButton.addActionListener(this);
    bottomPanel.add(deleteButton);
    updateButton = new JButton("Update");
    updateButton.addActionListener(this);
    bottomPanel.add(updateButton);
    searchButton = new JButton("Search");
    searchButton.addActionListener(this);
    bottomPanel.add(searchButton);
    clearButton = new JButton("Clear");
    clearButton.addActionListener(this);
    bottomPanel.add(clearButton);
    contentPane.add(bottomPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    setSize(500, 400);
    setVisible(true);
    // Establish connection with SQLite database
    try {
      Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:students.db");
      stmt = conn.createStatement();
      stmt.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Students (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, score REAL)");
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new StudentManagementSystem();
  }
  // Event handler method for button clicks
  public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    if (e.getSource() == addButton) {
      String name = nameField.getText();
      String id = idField.getText();
      String score = scoreField.getText();
      if (name.isEmpty() || id.isEmpty() || score.isEmpty()) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Please enter all fields", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
      } else {
        try {
          String insertQuery = "INSERT INTO Students (id, name, score) VALUES (" + id + ", '" + name + "', " + score + ")";
          stmt.executeUpdate(insertQuery);
          model.addRow(new Object[]id);
          nameField.setText("");
          idField.setText("");
          scoreField.setText("");
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
          ex.printStackTrace();
        }
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == deleteButton) {
      int row = table.getSelectedRow();
      if (row == -1) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Please select a row to delete", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
      } else {
        String id = model.getValueAt(row, 0).toString();
        try {
          String deleteQuery = "DELETE FROM Students WHERE id=" + id;
          stmt.executeUpdate(deleteQuery);
          model.removeRow(row);
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
          ex.printStackTrace();
        }
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == updateButton) {
      int row = table.getSelectedRow();
      if (row == -1) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Please select a row to update", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
      } else {
        String id = model.getValueAt(row, 0).toString();
        String name = nameField.getText();
        String score = scoreField.getText();
        if (name.isEmpty() || score.isEmpty()) {
          JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Please enter name and score", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
        } else {
          try {
            String updateQuery = "UPDATE Students SET name='" + name + "', score=" + score + " WHERE id=" + id;
            stmt.executeUpdate(updateQuery);
            model.setValueAt(name, row, 1);
            model.setValueAt(score, row, 2);
            nameField.setText("");
            idField.setText("");
            scoreField.setText("");
          } catch (SQLException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
          }
        }
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == searchButton) {
      String id = idField.getText();
      if (!id.isEmpty()) {
        try {
          String searchQuery = "SELECT * FROM Students WHERE id=" + id;
          ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(searchQuery);
          if (rs.next()) {
            String name = rs.getString("name");
            String score = String.valueOf(rs.getDouble("score"));
            nameField.setText(name);
            scoreField.setText(score);
          } else {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "No match found", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
          }
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
          ex.printStackTrace();
        }
      } else {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Please enter ID", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
      }
    } else if (e.getSource() == clearButton) {
      nameField.setText("");
      idField.setText("");
      scoreField.setText("");
    }
  }
  // Close database connection when the window is closed
  public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
    try {
      stmt.close();
      conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.exit(0);
  }
}

这段代码使用Java Swing和JDBC（Java数据库连接）库创建了一个学生管理系统的界面，并与SQLite数据库进行交互来存储和检索学生信息。学生可以添加、删除、更新和搜索学生记录，并可以在界面上查看所有学生记录。

3. 飞机大战游戏

这个题目要求学生使用Java编写一个飞机大战游戏，类似于经典的街机游戏1942。在游戏中，玩家将操纵一个战斗机，击败敌人和Boss，赚取分数并进入下一关。为了实现这个游戏，学生需要使用Java Swing和多线程编程技术。下面是一个基本的Java飞机大战游戏的代码：

```java

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

import java.awt.event.KeyListener;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Random;

public class PlaneGame extends JFrame implements KeyListener, ActionListener, Runnable {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

  private Image backgroundImage;

  private Image explodeImage;

  private Image playerImage;

  private Image enemyImage;

  private Image bossImage;

  private Image bossBulletImage;

  private Image playerBulletImage;

  private ArrayList enemyPlanes;

  private ArrayList bossPlanes;

  private ArrayList playerBullets;

  private ArrayList bossBullets;

  private PlayerPlane player;

  private BossPlane boss;

  private boolean isRunning;

  private boolean isGameOver;

  private int score;

  private int level;

  private int playerHealth;

  private int bossHealth;

  private Random random;

  public PlaneGame() {

    super("Plane Game");

    addKeyListener(this);

    setSize(600, 800);

    setVisible(true);

    setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    setResizable(false);

    isRunning = false;

    isGameOver = false;

    backgroundImage = new ImageIcon("background.jpg").getImage();

    explodeImage = new ImageIcon("explode.png").getImage();

    playerImage = new ImageIcon("player.png").getImage();

    enemyImage = new ImageIcon("enemy.png").getImage();

    bossImage = new ImageIcon("boss.png").getImage();

    bossBulletImage = new ImageIcon("boss_bullet.png").getImage();

    playerBulletImage = new ImageIcon("player_bullet.png").getImage();

    random = new Random();

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    PlaneGame game = new

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