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我是一名Java开发者
2023-06-15 11:40:40 深夜i     --     --

我是一名Java开发者,今天我要跟大家分享一些常见的Java加密方法。在现代的网络、移动应用和数据传输中,安全性越来越重要,因此我们需要能够保护数据以免被窃取或篡改。以下是三种常用的Java加密方法。

1. 对称加密

对称加密使用相同的密钥来加密和解密数据。它的加密和解密速度比较快,但密钥需要安全地传输,否则不安全。以下是一段Java代码,使用AES对称加密方法来加密数据:


import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;

import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

import javax.crypto.spec.GCMParameterSpec;

public class SymmetricEncryption {

 public static byte[] encrypt(String data, SecretKey key) throws Exception {

  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/GCM/NoPadding");

  byte[] iv = new byte[12];

  SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();

  random.nextBytes(iv);

  GCMParameterSpec spec = new GCMParameterSpec(128, iv);

  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, spec);

  byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());

  ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4 + iv.length + encrypted.length);

  byteBuffer.putInt(iv.length);

  byteBuffer.put(iv);

  byteBuffer.put(encrypted);

  return byteBuffer.array();

 }

 public static String decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, SecretKey key) throws Exception {

  ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(encryptedData);

  int ivLength = byteBuffer.getInt();

  if (ivLength < 12 || ivLength >= 16) {

   throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid iv length");

  }

  byte[] iv = new byte[ivLength];

  byteBuffer.get(iv);

  byte[] encrypted = new byte[byteBuffer.remaining()];

  byteBuffer.get(encrypted);

  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/GCM/NoPadding");

  GCMParameterSpec spec = new GCMParameterSpec(128, iv);

  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, spec);

  byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);

  return new String(decrypted);

 }

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  SecretKey key = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES").generateKey();

  String data = "Hello, world!";

  byte[] encrypted = encrypt(data, key);

  String decrypted = decrypt(encrypted, key);

  System.out.println(decrypted.equals(data)); // true

 }

}

2. 非对称加密

非对称加密使用公钥加密数据,并使用私钥解密数据。它比对称加密安全,因为私钥不需要被传输。以下是一段Java代码,使用RSA非对称加密方法来加密数据:


import java.security.KeyPair;

import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;

import java.security.PrivateKey;

import java.security.PublicKey;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

public class AsymmetricEncryption {

 public static byte[] encrypt(String data, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {

  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding");

  cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

  return cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());

 }

 public static String decrypt(byte[] encryptedData, PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception {

  Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding");

  cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

  byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData);

  return new String(decrypted);

 }

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");

  keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048);

  KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

  PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();

  PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();

  String data = "Hello, world!";

  byte[] encrypted = encrypt(data, publicKey);

  String decrypted = decrypt(encrypted, privateKey);

  System.out.println(decrypted.equals(data)); // true

 }

}

3. 散列函数

散列函数将任意长度的输入转换为固定长度的输出。它的主要用途是检测数据是否被篡改。以下是一段Java代码,使用SHA-256哈希函数计算输入字符串的哈希值:


import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import java.security.MessageDigest;

public class Hashing {

 public static String getSHA256(String data) throws Exception {

  MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");

  byte[] hash = messageDigest.digest(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

  StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

  for (byte b : hash) {

   stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02x", b));

  }

  return stringBuilder.toString();

 }

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  String data = "Hello, world!";

  String hash = getSHA256(data);

  System.out.println(hash.equals("fc5e038d38a57032085441e7fe7010b0e7af80c9bd27f08ddbe58fedb269c0f9")); // true

 }

}

总的来说,Java提供了许多加密方法和安全库,我们可以根据需求选择使用。加密和解密过程都需要小心地保护密钥。

  
  

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