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学Java,写出优秀的游戏论文
2023-06-14 16:18:13 深夜i     --     --
Java语言 游戏开发 面向对象 俄罗斯方块 图形界面编程 事件处理 编程语言

Java是一种广泛应用于游戏开发的编程语言,因其可移植性、安全性和易维护性而备受开发者青睐。如果您想通过游戏论文展示自己的专业技能,那么学习Java绝对是一个不错的选择。下面,我们将为您介绍如何利用Java语言创造引人入胜的游戏,并写出优秀的游戏论文。

1. Java语言基础知识

首先,您需要了解Java语言的基础知识。Java是一种面向对象的编程语言,它可以创建各种对象,如类、接口、数组等。除此之外,Java还有许多常用的类库,例如java.awt、javax.swing等,这些类库可以大大简化您的代码编写过程。

2. 游戏开发实例

接着,您可以通过开发一些小型的游戏来巩固Java基础知识,并掌握游戏开发的流程。例如,您可以尝试开发一个简单的俄罗斯方块游戏。这个游戏的实现过程中,您需要用到Java的面向对象思想、图形界面编程和事件处理等技术。下面是一个简单的代码实例:

```java

public class Tetris extends JFrame {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

  public Tetris() {

    initUI();

  }

  private void initUI() {

    setTitle("Tetris");

    setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    board = new Board(this);

    add(board);

    setSize(200, 400);

    setLocationRelativeTo(null);

    setVisible(true);

  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {

      Tetris game = new Tetris();

      game.setVisible(true);

    });

  }

}

class Board extends JPanel {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

  private final int boardWidth = 10;

  private final int boardHeight = 22;

  private final Timer timer;

  private boolean isFallingFinished;

  private int currentX;

  private int currentY;

  private final int[][] board;

  private final Shape[] shapes = new Shape[7];

  public Board(Tetris parent) {

    initBoard(parent);

    initShapes();

    timer = new Timer(400, this::gameLoop);

    timer.start();

  }

  private void initBoard(Tetris parent) {

    setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200, 400));

    setBackground(Color.WHITE);

    setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.BLACK));

    addKeyListener(new TAdapter(parent));

    setFocusable(true);

    board = new int[boardHeight][boardWidth];

    clearBoard();

  }

  private void initShapes() {

    shapes[0] = new Shape(new int[][]{ 1}, this);

    shapes[1] = new Shape(new int[][]{ 1, 0}, this);

    shapes[2] = new Shape(new int[][]{ 1, 1}, this);

    shapes[3] = new Shape(new int[][]{ 1, 1}, this);

    shapes[4] = new Shape(new int[][]{ 0, 1}, this);

    shapes[5] = new Shape(new int[][]{ 0, 1}, this);

    shapes[6] = new Shape(new int[][]{1, 1}, this);

  }

  private void gameLoop(ActionEvent e) {

    updateGame();

    repaint();

  }

  private void updateGame() {

    if (isFallingFinished) {

      isFallingFinished = false;

      createNewPiece();

    } else {

      oneLineDown();

    }

  }

  private void drawSquare(Graphics g, int x, int y, ShapeType shapeType) {

    Color colors[] = {new Color(0, 0, 0), new Color(204, 102, 102),

        new Color(102, 204, 102), new Color(102, 102, 204),

        new Color(204, 204, 102), new Color(204, 102, 204),

        new Color(102, 204, 204), new Color(218, 170, 0)

    };

    Color color = colors[shapeType.ordinal()];

    g.setColor(color);

    g.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, squareWidth() - 2, squareHeight() - 2);

    g.setColor(color.brighter());

    g.drawLine(x, y + squareHeight() - 1, x, y);

    g.drawLine(x, y, x + squareWidth() - 1, y);

    g.setColor(color.darker());

    g.drawLine(x + 1, y + squareHeight() - 1,

        x + squareWidth() - 1, y + squareHeight() - 1);

    g.drawLine(x + squareWidth() - 1, y + squareHeight() - 1,

        x + squareWidth() - 1, y + 1);

  }

  private void paintSquare(Graphics g, int x, int y, ShapeType shapeType) {

    drawSquare(g, x * squareWidth(),

        (boardHeight - y - 1) * squareHeight(), shapeType);

  }

  @Override

  public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {

    super.paintComponent(g);

    doDrawing(g);

  }

  private void doDrawing(Graphics g) {

    var size = getSize();

    int boardTop = (int) size.getHeight() - boardHeight * squareHeight();

    for (int i = 0; i < boardHeight; ++i) {

      for (int j = 0; j < boardWidth; ++j) {

        ShapeType shapeType = getShapeAt(j, boardHeight - i - 1);

        if (shapeType != ShapeType.NONE) {

          paintSquare(g, j, boardTop + i * squareHeight(), shapeType);

        }

      }

    }

    if (currentShape != null) {

      for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {

        int x = currentX + currentShape.x(i);

        int y = currentY - currentShape.y(i);

        paintSquare(g, x, boardTop + (boardHeight - y - 1) * squareHeight(), currentShape.getShapeType());

      }

    }

  }

  private int squareWidth() {

    return (int) getSize().getWidth() / boardWidth;

  }

  private int squareHeight() {

    return (int) getSize().getHeight() / boardHeight;

  }

  void start() {

    isStarted = true;

    isPaused = false;

    isFallingFinished = false;

    score = 0;

    clearBoard();

    newPiece();

    timer.start();

  }

  void pause() {

    if (!isStarted) return;

    isPaused = !isPaused;

    if (isPaused) {

      timer.stop();

      message.setText("Paused");

    } else {

      timer.start();

      message.setText(String.format("Score: %d", score));

    }

    repaint();

  }

  private boolean dropDown() {

    int newY = currentY - 1;

    if (!tryMove(currentShape, currentX, newY))

      return false;

    currentY = newY;

    return true;

  }

  private void oneLineDown() {

    if (!tryMove(currentShape, currentX, currentY - 1)) {

      landShape();

    }

  }

  private void landShape() {

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {

      int x = currentX + currentShape.x(i);

      int y = currentY - currentShape.y(i);

      board[y][x] = currentShape.getShapeType().ordinal();

    }

    removeFullLines();

    if (!isFallingFinished) {

      createNewPiece();

    }

  }

  private void removeFullLines() {

    int numFullLines = 0;

    for (int i = boardHeight - 1; i >= 0; --i) {

      boolean lineIsFull = true;

      for (int j = 0; j < boardWidth; ++j) {

        if (getShapeAt(j, i) == ShapeType.NONE)

          lineIsFull = false;

          break;

      }

      if (lineIsFull) {

        ++numFullLines;

        for (int k = i; k < boardHeight - 1; ++k) {

          for (int j = 0; j < boardWidth; ++j) {

            setShapeAt(getShapeAt(j, k + 1), j, k);

          }

        }

        for (int j = 0; j < boardWidth; ++j) {

          setShapeAt(ShapeType.NONE, j, boardHeight - 1);

        }

      }

    }

    if (numFullLines > 0) {

      score += numFullLines * 10;

      isFallingFinished = true;

      currentShape = null;

    }

  }

  private void createNewPiece() {

    currentShape = nextShape;

    nextShape = new Shape(shapes[(int) (Math.random() * shapes.length)], this);

    currentX = boardWidth / 2 + 1;

    currentY = boardHeight - 1 + currentShape.minY();

    if (!tryMove(currentShape, currentX, currentY)) {

      currentShape = null;

      timer.stop();

      String msg = String.format("Game over. Score: %d", score);

      message.setText(msg);

    }

  }

  boolean tryMove(Shape newShape, int newX, int newY) {

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {

      int x = newX + newShape.x(i);

      int y = newY - newShape.y(i);

      if (x < 0 || x >= boardWidth || y < 0 || y >= boardHeight)

        return false;

      if (getShapeAt(x, y) != ShapeType.NONE)

        return false;

    }

    currentShape = newShape;

    currentX = newX;

    currentY = newY;

    repaint();

    return true;

  }

  private void clearBoard() {

    for (int i = 0; i < boardHeight; ++i) {

      for (int j = 0; j < boardWidth; ++j) {

        board[i][j] = ShapeType.NONE.ordinal();

      }

    }

  }

  private ShapeType getShapeAt(int x, int y) {

    return ShapeType.values()[board[y][x]];

  }

  private void setShapeAt(ShapeType shapeType, int x, int y) {

    board[y][x] = shapeType.ordinal();

  }

  private class TAdapter extends KeyAdapter {

    private final Tetris parent;

    TAdapter(Tetris parent)

      this.parent = parent;

    @Override

    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {

      if (!isStarted || currentShape == null)

        return;

      int keycode = e.getKeyCode();

      if (keycode == 'p' || keycode == 'P') {

        pause();

      }

      if (isPaused)

        return;

      switch (keycode) {

        case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:

          tryMove(currentShape, currentX - 1, currentY);

          break;

        case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:

          tryMove(currentShape, currentX + 1, currentY);

          break;

        case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:

          dropDown();

          break;

        case KeyEvent.VK_UP:

          tryMove(currentShape.rotate(), currentX, currentY);

          break;

        case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE:

          while (dropDown()) ;

          break;

        default:

          break;

      }

      parent.updateScore(score);

    }

  }

}

enum ShapeType

  MIRROR_SHAPE

class Shape {

  private final int[][] coords;

  private final int[][][] coordsTable;

  private ShapeType shapeType;

  public Shape(int[][] coords, ShapeType shapeType) {

    this.coords = new int[4][2];

    this.coordsTable = new int[4][4][2];

    this.shapeType = shapeType;

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {

      this.coords[i][0] = coords[i][0];

      this.coords[i][1] = coords[i][1];

    }

    int x, y;

    int[][][] clonedArray = cloneCoordsArray(coordsTable);

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {

      x = coords[i][0];

      y = coords[i][1];

      clonedArray[0][i] = new int[] -x;

      clonedArray[1][i] = new int[] x;

      clonedArray[2][i] = new int[] -y;

      clonedArray[3][i] = new int[] -x;

    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {

      System.arraycopy(clonedArray[i], 0, this.coordsTable[i],

          0, clonedArray[i].length);

    }

  }

  public Shape(Shape src, ShapeType shapeType) {

    this.coords = new int[4][2];

    this.coordsTable = new int[4][4][2];

    this.shapeType = shapeType;

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {

      this.coords[i][0] = src.coords[i][0];

      this.coords[i][1] = src.coords[i][1];

    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {

      for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {

        this.coordsTable[i][j][0] = src.coordsTable[i][j][0];

        this.coordsTable[i][j][1] = src.coordsTable[i][j][1];

      }

    }

  }

  private int[][][] cloneCoordsArray(int[][][] src) {

    int[][][] target = new int[src.length][][];

    for (int i = 0; i < src.length; i++) {

      int[][] aMatrix = src[i];

      int[][] clonedMatrix = new int[aMatrix.length][];

      for (int j = 0; j < aMatrix.length; j++) {

        clonedMatrix[j] = aMatrix[j].clone();

      }

      target[i] = clonedMatrix;

    }

    return target;

  }

  public int[][] getCoords()

    return coords;

  public ShapeType getShapeType()

    return shapeType;

  public void setShapeType(ShapeType shapeType)

    this.shapeType = shapeType;

  public int x(int index) {

    return coords[index][0];

  }

  public int y(int index) {

    return coords[index][1];

  }

  public void setX(int index, int x) {

    coords[index][0] = x;

  }

  public void setY(int index, int y) {

    coords[index][1] = y;

  }

  public Shape rotate() {

    if (shapeType == ShapeType.SQUARE_SHAPE)

      return this;

    Shape rotatedShape = new Shape(this, shapeType);

    rotatedShape.shapeType = shapeType;

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {

      rotatedShape.setX(i, coordsTable[0][i][0]);

      rotatedShape.setY(i, coordsTable[0][i][1]);

    }

    return rotatedShape;

  }

  public int minX() {

    int m = coords[0][0];

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

      m = Math.min(m, coords[i][0]);

    }

    return m;

  }

  public int minY() {

    int m = coords[0][1];

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

      m = Math.min(m, coords[i][1]);

    }

    return m;

  }

}

3. 关键词

Java语言、游戏开发、面向对象、俄罗斯方块、图形界面编程、事件处理、编程语言

  
  

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