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C++ Input/Output Streams
2023-07-08 18:32:53 深夜i     7     0
C++ language Input streams Output streams I/O operations File handling

C++ is a popular programming language that is known for its versatility and efficiency. One of the most important aspects of C++ programming is input/output (I/O) streams. In this article, we will explore the basics of C++ I/O streams.

Input streams allow the program to read data from external sources such as files, keyboards, and network sockets. Output streams allow the program to write data to external sources. Both input and output streams are defined as objects in the C++ standard library.

Input streams are created using a predefined object called std::cin. To read data using std::cin, the >> operator is used. For example, to read an integer from the keyboard, we use the following code:

#include <iostream>
int main()
  int x;
  std::cin >> x;
  std::cout << "The value of x is: " << x << std::endl;
  return 0;

In this code snippet, we declare an integer variable x and use std::cin to read its value from the keyboard. The entered value is then displayed using std::cout, which is the predefined output stream object.

Output streams are created using the predefined object std::cout. To write data to the output stream, the << operator is used. For example, to display a message on the screen, we use the following code:

#include <iostream>
int main()
  std::cout << "Hello

In this code snippet, we use std::cout to display the message "Hello, world!" on the screen. The std::endl function is used to add a newline character at the end of the message.

C++ also provides a number of other input/output streams for dealing with files and network sockets. The std::ifstream and std::ofstream classes are used for reading and writing files, respectively. The std::stringstream class is used for reading and writing data to a string.

In conclusion, input/output streams are an essential part of C++ programming. They allow the program to read and write data from external sources such as files, keyboards, and network sockets. C++ provides a number of predefined input/output stream objects and classes to simplify the process of data I/O.

  
  

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